Missing data is a common occurrence in clinical research. Missing data occurs when the
value of the variables of interest are not measured or recorded for all subjects in the sample.
Common approaches to addressing the presence of missing data include complete-case
analyses, in which subjects with missing data are excluded, or mean-value imputation,
where missing values are replaced with the mean value of that variable in those subjects for
whom it is not missing. However, in many settings, these approaches can lead to biased …