Face vascularized composite allografts (FVCAs) have helped patients with severe facial
disfigurement, with acute rejection now largely controlled through iatrogenic
immunosuppression. However, little is known regarding the incidence and mechanism (s) of
more long-term pathologic alterations in FVCAs that may affect function and graft durability.
Protocol surveillance biopsy specimens for up to an 8-year interval in 7 patients who
received FVCAs at our institution revealed histopathologic evidence of chronic rejection …